Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the liver. Viral hepatitis refers to several common diseases caused by viruses that lead to swelling and tenderness of the liver. The most common types of viral hepatitis are Hepatitis A, B, and C. Hepatitis B and C can lead to serious permanent liver damage.
People who are at risk of being infected with Hepatitis B or C include health care workers, people with multiple sex partners, intravenous drug users and hemophiliacs. Anyone who has had a tattoo, body piercing, or a blood transfusion (before 1972) and those who are in close contact with an infected person are also at higher risk of being infected. Although rare, sharing toothbrushes or nail files are forms of transmission. Infants born to an infected mother can contract the virus. Approximately one third of hepatitis cases result from unknown sources.
Hepatitis B is much more prevalent than HIV. An estimated 1.2 million Americans are currently chronic carriers. If left untreated the risk of developing cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) and liver cancer is increased. Most people have no recognizable symptoms, yet can still be infected and infect others. Some people do experience flu-like symptoms. The only way hepatitis can be positively identified is through blood tests.
The tests for Hepatitis B can identify (a) whether you are infected, (b) if you are recovering from the disease, © if you have a chronic infection, or (d) if you are immune. If you do test positive, there is treatment available.
Hepatitis can be avoided. The best precaution is being vaccinated.